Concepts

Alpine plants growing in clumps with multiple species interacting in close proximity, affecting microhabitats and species interactions

Territorial behavior including alarm and warning calls to protect midden from squirrels and other mammals, with territories ranging from 0.5 to 1 hectares defended through vocalizations and chasing

Rapid, synchronous mortality of aspen across large areas characterized by gradual sudden aspen decline associated with recent drought and temperature stress

Temporal and spatial patterns of small mammal behavior and presence