Concepts

Fungal symbionts that form specialized structures (arbuscules, vesicles) within plant root cells and are important for nutrient exchange

A group of fungal endophytes characterized by dark-pigmented, septate hyphae that commonly colonize plant roots and can increase under environmental stress

Distribution of metabolic rates over individuals in a community, obtained by summing over abundance

Percentage of leaf area affected by pathogen symptoms including powdery mildew, rust, and other fungal diseases