Concepts

Method of reconstructing past forest conditions using tree-ring data to determine establishment dates and estimate historical stand structure

Microbial process where methane is oxidized under anoxic conditions, often coupled to reduction of alternative electron acceptors

An approximation of non-water stressed evapotranspiration calculated using energy-only methods from net radiation estimates

Future climate scenarios based on different greenhouse gas emission pathways, specifically RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios

The oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, linking nitrogenous organic matter remineralization to nitrogen loss processes in the microbial N-cycle

The movement of water from the soil to the plant's stomata which is then released into the atmosphere, serving as an indicator of plant water status

Areas of disproportionately high biogeochemical activity or export relative to surrounding landscape

Statistical measure of variation used to quantify family-guild variation and compare across different taxonomic groups

The identification of species from environmental DNA samples using target capture sequencing and database matching

Use of infrared technology to measure surface temperatures of objects

Interpretation of ancient environmental conditions based on fossil assemblages

Process where trees shift their root water uptake from topsoil towards subsoil to sustain transpiration rates when shallow soil moisture declines

The flow of energy through ecological systems, measured as invertebrate biomass transfer from terrestrial to aquatic environments

Evolutionary divergence time between species measured in millions of years, calculated from molecular phylogenetic reconstructions

Process where cations in solution exchange with cations adsorbed on mineral surfaces

Process of using large-scale climate model outputs to generate local or regional scale climate projections

Alteration of rocks by pressure and temperature conditions related to igneous intrusions that changes rock pore structure and mineralogy

Measure of the relative contribution of each predictor variable obtained by calculating mean decrease in mean square error

Process by which melting snow penetrates soil and triggers changes in microbial activity and nutrient cycling

The amount of water stored in soil and subsurface compartments that responds dynamically to hydrological inputs and outputs

The most recent time during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extent

The difference between the amount of moisture in the air and how much moisture the air can hold when it is saturated, indicating evaporative demand