Concepts

Behavioral, physiological, and life-history changes that reduce the risk of predation but have associated energetic or fitness costs to prey individuals and populations

The oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, linking nitrogenous organic matter remineralization to nitrogen loss processes in the microbial N-cycle

The process by which non-native species become established and spread in new environments

Downstream movement of benthic invertebrates in flowing water either naturally or induced by disturbance

Production of extracellular polymeric stalk material by diatoms when photosynthetic rates exceed cellular growth rates

The sequential development of microbial communities on substrates following disturbance

Physical habitat constraints related to water flow and stream geomorphology that affect oviposition site availability