Concepts

Behavioral, physiological, and life-history changes that reduce the risk of predation but have associated energetic or fitness costs to prey individuals and populations

Chemical cues released by predators that benefit prey by providing information about predator presence

The process by which non-native species become established and spread in new environments

The nutritional value of algae as food for aquatic consumers, typically measured by nutrient content

Quantitative collection methods for invertebrates living on or in stream bottom substrates

Species-specific selection for particular combinations of physical habitat characteristics like water depth, current velocity, and substrate size

Daily behavioral pattern where aquatic organisms move vertically in the water column, typically showing different activity levels during day versus night periods

The sequential development of microbial communities on substrates following disturbance