Plant litter breakdown is a key ecological process in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Streams and rivers, in particular, have high rates of carbon dioxide evasion and they contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes. However, there is little information available on the relative roles of

Many morphological, physiological and ecological traits of trees scale with diameter, shaping the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Understanding the mechanistic basis for such scaling relationships is key to understanding forests globally and their role in Earth's changing climate system

Many specialist herbivores eat foods that are apparently low quality. The compensatory benefits of a poor diet may include protection from natural enemies. Several bee lineages specialize on pollen of the plant family Asteraceae, which is known to be a poor-quality food. Here we tested the hypothesi

The U.S. Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program (GAP) National Terrestrial Ecosystems - Ver 3.0 is a 2011 update of the National Gap Analysis Program Land Cover Data - Version 2.2 for the conterminous U.S. The GAP National Terrestrial Ecosystems - Version 3.0 represents a highly thematically detaile

1. Bee pollinators provide a critical ecosystem service to wild and agricultural plants but are reported to be declining world-wide due to anthropogenic change. Long-term data on bee abundance and diversity are scarce, and the need for additional quantitative sampling using repeatable methods has be

1. Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant-animal interactions in natural systems can be highly complex, most interactions can be simplified into those that are either direct (mediated through pairwise interactions) or indirect (mediated through third

Mixed-severity fire regimes may be the most extensive yet poorly understood fire regimes of western North America. Understanding their long-term spatiotemporal dynamics is central to debates regarding altered fire regimes and the need for restoration in the context of changing climate and nearly a c

Mixed-severity fire regimes may be the most extensive yet poorly understood fire regimes of western North America. Understanding their long-term spatiotemporal dynamics is central to debates regarding altered fire regimes and the need for restoration in the context of changing climate and nearly a c

data of vouchered bees to test for differences between repeatedly sampled sites and single sample sites regarding abundance (as catch rate), rarefied richness, and evenness (as Evar).

data of combined bees (vouchered + released) to test for differences between repeatedly sampled sites and single sample sites regarding abundance (as catch rate), rarefied richness, and evenness (as Evar).

data of vouchered bees to test for differences between repeatedly sampled sites and single sample sites regarding abundance functional group composition. The four functional groups tested were diet (lecty), sociality, body size (size), and nesting substrate (nesting). Note that sociality was tested

sample day by species matrix ready for NMDS analysis.

data used to calculate mean catch rates per sampling period per year by each sampling method.

This file is a text file in Arelquin input format. It contains autosome SNP genotypes for three groups. Two groups of C. urophasianus (one is GRSG which represents the southern part of the range and the other is BiState which represents the diverged population on the border between California and Ne

This is a text file in Arlequin input format and represents Z chromosome data for three groups (2 C. urophasianus - one (GRSG) is the southern part of the range and the other (BiState) is the diverged population on the border between California and Nevada). The third group is Gunnison Sage-grouse.

This file contains data on the frost damage of eight subalpine plant species from the Rocky Mountains of Colorado (USA). These frost damage data can be used to calculate frost sensitivity for each species. Frost damage of plant tissue was determined after specimen were exposed to experimental temper

Data are in microsoft excel .xlsx format. Descriptions of each data type, including units, are in "comments" associated with the headers on each data column on each page. Data were collected on the butterfly Speyeria mormonia, derived from a population in Gunnison County, Colorado, USA and raised in

The seed-to-seedling transition constitutes a critical bottleneck in the life history of plants and represents a major determinant of species composition and abundance. However, we have surprisingly little knowledge regarding the forces driving this ontogenetic transition. Here we utilize informatio

1. Tropical grasses fuel the majority of fires on Earth. In fire-prone landscapes, enhanced flammability may be adaptive for grasses via the maintenance of an open canopy and an increase in spatiotemporal opportunities for recruitment and regeneration. In addition, by burning intensely but briefly,