Climate change is altering the phenology of species across the world, but what are the consequences of these phenological changes for the demography and population dynamics of species? Time-sensitive relationships, such as migration, breeding and predation, may be disrupted or altered, which may in

From a study of the geographic occurrences of contemporary hybridization among North American animals, it has become apparent that most of the hybrids are produced in a few relatively localized zones, with little hybridizing in the vast areas between these zones of mixing.

There is an urgent need to explore the interactions among multiple global change drivers in underrepresented regions such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasting future terrestrial carbon-climate feedback.

Many organisms have complex life cycles with distinct life stages that experience different environmental conditions. How does the complexity of life cycles affect the ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms to climate change? We address this question by exploring several recent case stud

Anthropogenic climate change has already altered the timing of major life-history transitions, such as the initiation of reproduction. Both phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution can underlie rapid phenological shifts in response to climate change, but their relative contributions are poorly u

In recent decades, intense droughts, insect outbreaks, and wildfires have led to decreasing tree growth and increasing mortality in many temperate forests. We compared annual tree-ring width data from 1,097 populations in the coterminous United States to climate data and evaluated site-specific tree

Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, p

On the average, nectar-collecting bumble bees deposited 0.6% of the pollen removed from the flowers of Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae) onto the stigmas of subsequently visited flowers. Because the proportion deposited declined as the amount removed increased, an individual plant would maximize

On the average, nectar-collecting bumble bees deposited 0.6% of the pollen removed from the flowers of Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae) onto the stigmas of subsequently visited flowers. Because the proportion deposited declined as the amount removed increased, an individual plant would maximize

The simultaneous flowering of co—occurring plant species with similar pollinator affinities may result in interspecific pollen transfer and consequent fecundity reductions due to wastage of pollen, stigma surfaces, and effective pollinator visits. In such cases competition for pollination occurs and

Significance One of the greatest challenges in projecting future shifts in the global climate is understanding how soil respiration rates will change with warming. Multiple experimental warming studies have explored this response, but no consensus has been reached. Based on a global synthesis of 27

It is suggested that body size and age of first reproduction are important in explaining variation in disturbance tolerance in birds, and that species that capture live prey and those that are highly social are relatively wary.

It is suggested that outbreeding depression will often occur on a much finer scale than previously recognised, especially in plants subject to restricted pollen and seed dispersal, and a short outcrossing distance is optimal for Delphinium nelsoni Greene.

The pollination syndrome hypothesis as usually articulated does not successfully describe the diversity of floral phenotypes or predict the pollinators of most plant species. Caution is suggested when using pollination syndromes for organizing floral diversity, or for inferring agents of floral adap

Nectar-collecting bumblebees are hypothesized to employ rules of movement which result in the maximum net rate of energy gain (i.e., are optimal), and predicted patterns of movement are compared with field observations to support the hypothesis.

AbstractQuestionAre plant traits more closely correlated with mean annual temperature, or with mean annual precipitation?LocationGlobal.MethodsWe quantified the strength of the relationships between temperature and precipitation and 21 plant traits from 447,961 species‐site combinations worldwide. W

The importance of field studies for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of model and nonmodel systems are emphasized, a key life history trait (flowering time) is highlighted and emerging conservation issues are discussed.

Twelve 42—liter plankton cages were used in an alpine Colorado pond to test a size—efficiency hypothesis: to determine why small herbivorous zooplankton species tend not to coexist with large species. The size—efficiency hypothesis, that large species exclude the smaller ones through competition for

We integrated experimental and natural gradient field methods to investigate effects of climate change and variability on flowering phenology of 11 subalpine meadow shrub, forb, and graminoid species in Gunnison County, Colorado (USA). At a subalpine meadow site, overhead electric radiant heaters ad