Variation in the degree of insect wing melanin affects thermoregulation, and is expected to be adapted to local environmental conditions, for example over an elevational gradient. The effects of melanization on flight activity and egg maturation rate were assessed in the closely related butterflies

This paper comprises Part II of a review of flower visitation and pollination by Diptera (myiophily or myophily). While Part I examined taxonomic diversity of anthophilous flies, here we consider the rewards and attractants used by flowers to procure visits by flies, and their importance in the live

Experimental manipulations were conducted within the substrate of a Wisconsin stream and a Colorado stream to measure the effect of stonefly predators on the distribution of benthic invertebrates. Screen cages containing free predators, predators restricted from foraging, or no predators, allowed pr

Estimates of realized gene flow and pollen dispersal to stigmas in the same natural populations of Ipomopsis aggregata subsp.

The hypothesis that patterns of sex-biased dispersal are related to social mating system in mammals and birds has gained widespread acceptance over the past 30 years. However, two major complications have obscured the relationship between these two behaviors: 1) dispersal frequency and dispersal dis

Individuals frequently leave home before reaching reproductive age, but the proximate causes of natal dispersal remain relatively unknown. The social cohesion hypothesis predicts that individuals who engage in more (affiliative) interactions are less likely to disperse. Despite the intuitive nature

Behavioral and environmental factors in the spatial distribution and population dynamics of a yellow—bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) population were studied in 1971 and 1972 in Gunnison Co., Colorado. Yellow—bellied marmots are generally considered to be colonial; however, this is not their on

Results suggest that butterflies are unlikely to be useful indicators of moth diversity at a local scale, phylogenetic relatedness is not a reliable criterion for selecting appropriate indicator taxa, and a habitat-based approach would more effectively conserve moth diversity in this landscape.

Oviposition and larval feeding behaviors of the crucifer specialist Pieris napi macdunnoughii correlate with leaf glucosinolate profils of plant species in a natural community, and it is suggested that allelochemically similar community associates influence the coevolution of individual plant specie

The observed differences in catchability between sexes is also correlated with the sexual differences in flight behavior reported here, and the time spent in flight, short life expectancies, and time budgets of Colias suggest that the time available for flight activity during an individual's lifetim

Pollinators that forage indiscriminately can transfer pollen from one species to another, reducing the amount that reaches conspecific flowers. I present evidence that the presence of another plant species visited by the same pollinators can also reduce pollen dispersal distances and outcrossing. Th

Summary1. Nitrogen (N) limits primary productivity in many systems and can have dramatic effects on plant–herbivore interactions, but its effects on mutualistic interactions at the community level are not well‐understood. The reproduction of many plants depends on both soil N and pollination, and N

The overall conclusion, that a large fraction of extant species could be driven to extinction by expected climate trends over the next 50 years, is compelling: it adds to the many other reasons why new energy policies are needed to reduce the pace of warming.

AbstractUnderstanding the sensitivity of groundwater generation to climate in a mountain system is complicated by the tight coupling of snow dynamics to vegetation and topography. To address these feedbacks, we combine light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived snow observations with an integrated

AbstractVocal structure should reflect vocal function. While much attention has focused on quantifying attributes of harmonic vocalizations, the vocalizations of many species also may contain non‐linear phenomena such as warbles, subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos or noise. The funct

AbstractPollination success of animal‐pollinated flowers depends on rate of pollinator visits and on pollen deposition per visit, both of which should vary with the pollen and nectar “neighborhoods” of a plant, i.e., with pollen and nectar availability in nearby plants. One determinant of these neig

Abstract: Long‐term studies of checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas spp.) are used to draw conservation lessons with implications for the design and management of reserves for invertebrates We discuss; The importance of determining the structure of and patterns of mating within demographic units The

We propose a multimodel ensemble forecast framework for streamflow forecasts at multiple locations that incorporates large‐scale climate information. It has four broad steps: (1) Principal component analysis is performed on the spatial streamflows to identify the dominant modes of variability. (2) P

Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females vari