Plant resource allocation and herbivory for <i>Helianthella quinquenervis</i> (Asteraceae) over an elevational gradient
Abstract
Resources obtained from the environment are allocated to many plant parts and functions. Resource allocation into defense, growth, and reproduction was examined for Helianthella quinquenervis, the Aspen sunflower, for three field sites over an elevational gtadient. H. quinquenervis has evolved a mutualism with ants for defense against seed predators. Timing of flower opening and pollination success for plants were also studied. The results indicated that ratios of defense to reproduction and reproduction to growth are statistically equivalent for Helianthella at all the field sites. Defense to growth ratios were different for the high and middle, and the high and low elevations, Timing of flower opening was statistically different for the middle elevation site, however pollination success was similar over sites. KEY WORDS _ant-plant mutualism insect herbivory biotic defense pollination success extrafloral nectar resource allocation Helianthella quinquenervis seed predation
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