Food limitation of planktonic rotifers: field experiments in two mountain ponds

Abstract

1. Resource competition is thought to be important in controlling zooplankton population dynamics and structuring zooplankton communities. Resource competition requires that resources are limiting. Ten field experiments were conducted to determine the presence and intensity of resource limitation of herbivorous planktonic rotifers in two mountain ponds. The intensity of food limitation was measured as Δr, the difference between population growth rates in food supplemented versus control enclosures.2. Rotifers were significantly food limited (Δr > 0) in most experiments. The intensity of food limitation varied between species. In Grady Lake, mean Δr was 0.26 day−1 for Polyarthra vulgaris and 0.43 day−1 for an unidentified Synchaeta sp. In L1 Pond, mean Δr was 0.07 day−1 for Keratella cochlearis and 0.28 day−1 for S. oblonga. The frequent and intense food limitation suggests that edible phytoplankton in both ponds were often present at low densities, were of low nutritional quality, or both. The intensity of food limitation often changed rapidly over time, indicating rapid temporal variation in resource availability.3. For P. vulgaris, Δr was not correlated with its population growth rate in Grady Lake. Thus, although food limitation was common, population dynamics may have been more strongly affected by other factors. For K. cochlearis, Δr increased as population density increased, suggesting the existence of intraspecific resource competition that may regulate population dynamics.

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