How does relative refuge angle influence escape behavior: an empirical test with yellow-bellied marmot.
Abstract
Flight initiation distance, or FID, is the distance between a predator and its prey at which the prey decides to flee. FID is influenced by several internal and external factors, which influence the potential costs and benefits of escape. For refuging prey, their path to a refuge may force them to get closer to the prey or permit them to flee the approaching predator. If the prey assesses the risk of fleeing towards a predator to be greater than when fleeing away from a predator, FID when fleeing towards a predator to a refuge would be expected to be larger. The relative position between predator, prey, and a refuge creates an angle called the relative refuge angle, or RRA. A recent model uses these variables to predict FID. Using yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), we evaluated the efficacy of this model in predicting FID, and then asked how much variation in FID was explained by RRA. We found, that although the model successfully predicted FID in our data, RRA had almost no effect on the overall variation in FID. Therefore, RRA may not be an important factor to marmots making escape decisions.
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References (31)
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