Protocols

Systematic measurement of antipredator escape behavior by approaching focal individuals at standardized speed and recording distances at key behavioral response points. Includes observation of social ...

Integration of temperature, precipitation, and snow cover data from multiple weather stations and remote sensing platforms to characterize environmental conditions at marmot colony sites.

Blood collection and analysis to determine neutrophil and lymphocyte counts for calculating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios as a measure of immune response activity.

A distributed wireless sensor network approach using tetrahedral microphone arrays to detect and localize animal vocalizations through collaborative Direction of Arrival estimation and Maximum Likelih...

Systematic measurement of microhabitat features including vegetation height, cover, and structural elements like perches within a standardized 7×7-m grid system across the study area.

Uses array of wireless acoustic sensors with correlation envelope sum (CES) method to precisely locate sources of marmot alarm calls in field settings. Employs cross-correlation analysis and multilate...

Simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption, body temperature, and conductance in marmots entering torpor to determine mechanisms of metabolic depression. Q10 analysis used to distinguish active me...

Weekly counts of visitors at a facility to create a traffic volume index as a proxy for vehicle traffic on nearby roads during peak visitation periods.

Measurement of anogenital distance using dial or digital callipers to 1mm accuracy as a proxy for prenatal testosterone exposure and masculinization. Distance measured from centre of genital opening t...