Concepts

Reduced seed set resulting from insufficient pollen receipt, particularly affecting females when hermaphrodite density and frequency increases

Raw material on which ecological and evolutionary processes act - variation of traits within species that can mediate responses to biotic and abiotic factors

How tree growth and biomass allocation patterns change based on local neighborhood tree density and competition

The selective choices made by organisms regarding where to construct nests, influenced by environmental factors that affect offspring survival and reproductive success.

Social systems where individuals have flexibility in their social behaviors and group membership rather than being obligately social

tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area

The degree to which individuals can be discriminated from one another based on their vocalizations, quantified using information theory

Directed aggression toward conspecifics, increasing spatial distancing from or decreasing huddling with unfamiliar conspecifics

Mating system where males compete with one another over access to matelines consisting of groups of related females

The distribution of individuals across different size or age classes within a population

A gradual change in a trait across an environmental gradient, where width is expected to be proportional to dispersal distance divided by square root of difference in selection between ends of the cli...

Territorial behavior including alarm and warning calls to protect midden from squirrels and other mammals, with territories ranging from 0.5 to 1 hectares defended through vocalizations and chasing

Social organization where related females remain together and males typically disperse

Complete or near-complete elimination of local populations due to environmental catastrophe

Rapid, synchronous mortality of aspen across large areas characterized by gradual sudden aspen decline associated with recent drought and temperature stress

Genetic differentiation between populations across the genome, measured by allele frequency differences and population genetic statistics like FST

Differential behavioral responses based on whether female marmots are reproductive or non-reproductive

The age at which females first reproduce, an important component of vertebrate life histories with effects on individual fitness and population dynamics

Reduction in population growth rates, size, or occurrence across species ranges

Nutritional limitation during larval development that affects adult phenotype

Genetic variation in defensive traits maintained within populations

Changes in social behavior and group dynamics that result from variation in the number of individuals in a social group

Lower than expected frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population

The proportion of male versus female offspring in a litter affecting prenatal hormone exposure

Pattern where male mammals tend to travel farther than females in exploratory excursions and disperse more than females

Precisely-timed seasonal cycles of reproduction fundamental to animal populations adapting to northern and montane environments

Mortality from roadkill events where animals are struck and killed by vehicles

Daily patterns in organism behavior, with some mayfly species showing increased drift activity at night to minimize exposure to visual predators

Social organization where individuals aggregate in groups, potentially providing antipredator benefits through collective vigilance and dilution effects

Blood parasites including Haematazoa subclass with four main genera: Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Trypanosoma, vectored by dipterans

High diversity of life-history traits among individuals within populations, potentially masking life-history trade-offs

Reproductive strategy where organisms reproduce multiple times throughout their lifetime

Behavior in which a female moves her litter to a new location

Species that are restricted to small geographic areas and found nowhere else

Plants that live for multiple years but flower only once before dying

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

Multiple individuals of solitary nesting species choosing to nest in close proximity to one another

Geographic variation in chemical profiles that may reflect phylogeographic drift in odor profiles between populations

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

A state where viable seeds do not germinate immediately even under favorable conditions

Temporal and spatial patterns of small mammal behavior and presence