Concepts

The finite time and energy budget forcing organisms to trade off between competing activities like foraging and vigilance

Growth limitation of organisms due to insufficient availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus

Morton's theory that physical behaviors and acoustic signals are associated, with aggressive behaviors linked to noisy, low-frequency sounds and submissive behaviors to higher-frequency pure tones

Mathematical relationships that describe how tree dimensions and biomass scale with each other

Breeding birds must balance energy allocation between reproduction and survival, with parasites forcing energy towards immune response rather than reproductive traits

Theory stating that foragers will leave a patch after the quality of the patch drops below the average quality of the overall habitat

Situations where time spent on one activity reduces time available for other activities

A law relating to an animal's ability to differentiate among levels of stimuli, specifically about how animals detect and retrieve information, not how they choose to respond to perceived stimuli

The production and structure of animal signals may be condition dependent and may provide more than one type of information to receivers

Theoretical framework examining trade-offs between advantages and disadvantages of group living

Locations within landscapes that have disproportionate influence on ecosystem processes relative to their spatial extent

Theories that should be built on, as much as possible, on first principles, be quantitative, law-like postulates about processes underlying a given class of phenomena in the natural world with well-es...

Fundamental differences between woody and herbaceous plants in resource acquisition and environmental adaptation

Pikas as island species restricted to talus habitat and high alpine mountain tops

The concept that masculinity is performed and constructed rather than innate, revealed through character staging and cultural fabrication

The principle that mass cannot be created or destroyed, applied to nutrient cycling as consumption - growth - egestion = excretion

Physical limitations imposed by body structure that affect foraging efficiency and resource use

Moments when political will and available solutions converge to enable policy action

Governance with many centers of decision-making which are formally independent of each other

The differential distribution of power and influence across individual workers, supervisors, institutions, and social context that shapes field safety outcomes

Game theory model where producers invest in developing resources while scroungers exploit those resources without investment

The requirement for specific nutrient ratios results in different limiting nutrients for each life-history trait

Mathematical relationships that describe how system properties change with size or scale, typically expressed as power laws

Innate sensory responses that form a foundation for higher-level cognitive functioning in animals

A system is typically considered more complex if it contains more parts, more variability or types of parts, more connections or types of connections between parts or more layers of connected meaning

The hypothesis that an animal's internal state (age, sex, condition) influences its behavioral decisions and tradeoffs

Costs associated with changing between different behavioral tactics or strategies

Theory predicting that variation in leaf venation network geometry implies physiological trade-offs that then generate LES correlations.