Concepts

Rate at which turbulent kinetic energy is converted to heat, used as quantitative measure of atmospheric turbulence intensity

Precipitation efficiency measure based on integrated vapor transport normalization to evaluate microphysical scheme performance

Quantitative measure of how heavily rimed an ice particle is, with M = 0 meaning completely unrimed and M → 1 meaning spherical graupel

Temperature range over which feeding rate is 80% of maximum rate, indicating thermal generalization

A quantitative measure of forest growth sensitivity to climate change based on correlations between historical growth and climate data