Concepts

Microbial reduction of metal oxides and oxyhydroxides where metals serve as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration

Daily fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and iron concentrations driven by photosynthesis, respiration, and temperature changes

The roles that invertebrates play in the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients in wetlands

Formation of chemical sedimentary rocks through evaporation of saline waters leading to precipitation of minerals like gypsum and halite

Enzymes produced by microorganisms that catalyze oxidation reactions outside the cell, including laccase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase

Nitrogen derived from weathering of nitrogen-bearing geological formations such as marine shales

Decomposition of litter isolated from tree canopy and root network influences to study selective pressures from litter chemistry alone

The oxidation and reduction reactions of manganese in aquatic sediments, influenced by oxygen availability and organic carbon supply

Soil microorganisms that consume nitrogen when carbon is added, affecting plant nutrient availability

Associations between organic compounds and reactive minerals that can effectively protect organic compounds from microbial access and represent an important C storage mechanism in upland soil systems

The biological conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, making lupine a high-nitrogen host plant

Cellular uptake of nutrients by algal colonies from the surrounding water

Surface coatings of Si and organic matter that stabilize ferrihydrite nanoparticles against dissolution or transformation

Process by which plants convert light energy to chemical energy, with formula 6CO2+6H2O → C6H12O6+6O2

The dissolution process of iron carbonate mineral (FeCO3) under varying geochemical conditions

The negative feedback system where increased atmospheric CO2 enhances silicate weathering rates, which removes CO2 from the atmosphere through carbonate precipitation

Formation of stable soil structural units through binding of soil particles by organic compounds and microbial processes

Process by which ant foraging and nesting activities alter soil chemistry by accumulating organic matter and nutrients near colonies

Process starting with PAH which stack into particles, then spheres, then agglomerates, finally mature soot

The convergence of nutrient ratios (particularly nitrogen to phosphorus ratios) across different regions or communities despite varying environmental conditions

Elements like oxygen, iron, and nitrogen that accept electrons in microbial metabolic processes, used in order of energy yield

The ability of thorium to be released from bedrock and transported in aqueous solutions under different geochemical conditions

The attachment and retention of trace metals to sediment particles, which has been the topic of numerous studies investigating rates of cation exchange on clay minerals and particle-size variability

Microbial breakdown of plant-emitted volatile compounds such as monoterpenes for carbon and energy sources