Concepts

The number of generations produced per year, under both genetic and environmental control in insects

Behavioral differences between juvenile and adult animals related to different survival priorities and risk tolerance

Developmental condition where nestlings lack down, sufficient mobility, and ability to feed themselves, characterizing species like Mountain White-crowned sparrows

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles

Differential outcomes based on position within family birth sequence

Large fluctuations in damage levels driven by interactions between warming and precipitation variability

Effects of herbivory and pollination that persist from one growing season to the next

A mixed mating system in which plants can produce both open, chasmogamous (CH) flowers and closed, obligately self-pollinating, cleistogamous (CL) flowers within the same growing season

Adverse experiences during the period between conception and sexual maturity that can impact later life health and survival

Disproportionately higher mortality rates in females compared to males within a population

Premature termination of flower development, typically due to resource limitation or environmental stress

The early nest-founding period when solitary queens establish and provision nests before worker emergence

Blood parasites transmitted between parents and offspring and horizontally through insect vectors that cause energy allocation towards immune response

Ectoparasitoids whose eggs are oviposited outside of the host, often in enclosed environments, with host development ceasing upon parasitism via paralysis

The killing of infants by conspecifics other than the parents

Traditional breeding display ground used by sage-grouse where males gather to perform courtship displays

Changes in animal foraging activity and risk-taking behavior in response to different moon phases and associated predation risk

Males leaving the brood first, leaving their mates as sole caretakers of the larvae

Synchronized, massive flowering event that occurs infrequently in monocarpic species

Influence of maternal identity on offspring growth through burrow location, maternal investment, and genetics

Impact of maternal stress levels on offspring survival and development, potentially with intergenerational effects

Social group consisting of one to five closely-related females (yearlings and young) in yellow-bellied marmots

Large piles of cones at the base of trees where squirrels stockpile cones, which are defended as territories and serve as cache for winter survival

The dietary status and nutritional condition of an organism that can influence its behavioral decisions

Population density exceeding the carrying capacity of available resources, leading to reduced individual condition

Non-random distribution of parasites among hosts with most hosts having few parasites

Non-uniform spatial distribution of virus occurrence across host populations

Phenomenon leading to increase in pathogen prevalence and intensity in wild bee populations when commercial bees escape and infect wild populations

Oscillatory population dynamics that repeat over time cycles rather than approaching stable equilibrium

Apparently functionless behavior that is costly and exposes animals to various risks including predation, but must have substantial benefits

Decade-long changes in population size observed in tiger salamander populations

Higher frequency of movement into and out of habitat patches, as indicated by more abandoned middens in smaller patches

Developmental hijacking where infected plants produce bright yellow flower-like clusters that mimic co-occurring blooms to attract pollinators for pathogen reproduction

A form of supplemental feeding for nectivorous Lepidoptera to acquire necessary mineral nutrients, primarily sodium, that are otherwise absent from their nectar diets