Concepts

The capacity of water to neutralize acids, indicating buffering ability against acidification

Percentage of inorganic material remaining after high-temperature combustion

The flux of weathering-derived cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K) from subsurface to surface waters

Chemical and physical properties of sediments including pH, bulk density, organic matter content, dissolved nutrients, and moisture content that influence microbial processes.

Enzymes involved in the synthesis, modification, and degradation of carbohydrates including polysaccharides

Spectroscopic techniques including NEXAFS and FTIR used to characterize the functional group composition and chemical structure of organic carbon

Trace elements like rhenium that can be used to track and quantify specific weathering processes due to their distinctive geochemical behavior

The number of molecular formulae detected in a sample

Chemical compounds formed when chlorine or other oxidants react with organic matter in water during drinking water treatment

Iron and manganese recovered by acid extraction, indicating metals available for microbial electron transport processes

Identification and quantification of different chemical forms and binding environments of metals in environmental samples

Net uptake rate (NUR) of nitrogen calculated from 15N tracer experiments measuring plant nitrogen acquisition

Determination of ancient water salinity conditions using geochemical and paleontological indicators

Organic matter within the solid phase that can sorb metals and limit their mobility

Capacity of soil to oxidize phenolic compounds, measured using L-DOPA substrate and spectrophotometric detection of oxidation products

Important biochemicals for regular bodily functions, primarily sourced from algae in aquatic systems