Concepts

Excessive extracellular stalk production by individual cells that coalesce to form a continuous mat covering the stream bottom

Chemical cues released by predators that benefit prey by providing information about predator presence

Low nutrient conditions that select for microorganisms adapted to low substrate availability

Species-specific selection for particular combinations of physical habitat characteristics like water depth, current velocity, and substrate size

Male-first flowering phenology where flowers function first as males then as females

Daily behavioral pattern where aquatic organisms move vertically in the water column, typically showing different activity levels during day versus night periods

Physical structure and arrangement of beaver ponds, specifically comparing single isolated ponds versus terraced series of connected ponds

Daily patterns in organism behavior, with some mayfly species showing increased drift activity at night to minimize exposure to visual predators

Algae growing attached to surfaces such as decomposing plant material

Spatial and temporal variation in water temperatures that can support diverse aquatic species and provide thermal refugia