Concepts

Growth limitation of organisms due to insufficient availability of essential nutrients like nitrogen or phosphorus

Excessive extracellular stalk production by individual cells that coalesce to form a continuous mat covering the stream bottom

Downstream movement of benthic invertebrates in flowing water either naturally or induced by disturbance

Low nutrient conditions that select for microorganisms adapted to low substrate availability

Male-first flowering phenology where flowers function first as males then as females

The production of organic compounds by autotrophic organisms, measured here through chlorophyll-a concentration