Concepts

A proxy for subsurface moisture conditions calculated as the log ratio between upslope contributing area and slope angle

Process by which melting snow penetrates soil and triggers changes in microbial activity and nutrient cycling

The systematic change in isotopic composition of precipitation with elevation due to progressive rainout and temperature effects

Process of estimating or gap-filling missing entries in groundwater time series data

Physical and thermodynamic processes that alter snowpack isotopic composition after initial deposition, including sublimation, vapor exchange, and melt-freeze cycles