Concepts

Process where cations in solution exchange with cations adsorbed on mineral surfaces

Concentration-discharge pattern where solute concentrations remain relatively constant across flow conditions, indicated by C-Q slope near zero

Statistical approach to quantify proportional contributions of different water sources to mixed samples using tracer concentrations

Spatial variations in oxidation-reduction conditions within floodplain environments that can form within microsites, along textural transitions, or along the capillary fringe

The amount of water stored in soil and subsurface compartments that responds dynamically to hydrological inputs and outputs

The study of the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome under specific circumstances

The association of uranium with different solid-phase mineral forms that influences uranium mobility between solid and water phases

Formation of coordination complexes between Fe(II) ions and natural organic matter ligands

The downward movement of water from surface water to groundwater, occurring through infiltration and percolation processes and declining under warming due to increased evapotranspiration

Rate laws governing the chemical breakdown of primary minerals as functions of temperature, pH, and saturation state

Vertical distribution of plant nutrient uptake from soil surface through saprolite to bedrock

Analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to determine trophic position and dietary composition

Zone of active mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions that advances through bedrock over time

Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for ultrahigh-resolution molecular characterization

A collaborative research infrastructure where multiple institutions conduct coordinated measurements and experiments

Different trajectory of C-Q relationships during rising and falling limbs of hydrographs that indicate differences in timing of hydrological response from surface and subsurface compartments

Measurements spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales within a watershed

A modeling approach where downslope flow responds to rainfall or snowmelt recharge through accommodating new recharge within a rising water table within a thicker and more transmissive saturated zone