Concepts

The hypothesis that animals allocate less time to antipredator vigilance as a function of increasing numbers of animals foraging together

Individuals in more tightly connected social groups perceive greater security from predators and allocate less time to antipredator vigilance while foraging

Hypothesis that highly aroused animals produce nonlinear vocalizations because they lose control of their larynx over vocal fold production apparatus

Hypothesis that nonlinear phenomena are more variable or more abrupt and therefore more unpredictable, making animals less likely to habituate to them and causing prolonged responses

Explains how acoustic signal structure is shaped by habitat-driven selection that enhances the propagation of relatively undegraded vocalizations

Hypothesis that populations may be buffered from adverse climatic effects when vital rates with high impacts on population growth exhibit the least temporal variability

Assumes that antipredator adaptations evolve together and thus prey may respond to extinct predators as long as they have experience with other predators.

The hypothesis that the more an individual interacts with others, the less likely they are to disperse

Predator recognition abilities that do not require prior learning or experience with predators but are based on innate or genetically-determined responses

The hypothesis that play provides an opportunity to practice and refine skills that will be needed later in adulthood