Concepts

Social systems where individuals have flexibility in their social behaviors and group membership rather than being obligately social

tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area

The degree to which individuals can be discriminated from one another based on their vocalizations, quantified using information theory

Directed aggression toward conspecifics, increasing spatial distancing from or decreasing huddling with unfamiliar conspecifics

Mating system where males compete with one another over access to matelines consisting of groups of related females

The distribution of individuals across different size or age classes within a population

Social organization where related females remain together and males typically disperse

The age at which females first reproduce, an important component of vertebrate life histories with effects on individual fitness and population dynamics

Changes in social behavior and group dynamics that result from variation in the number of individuals in a social group

The proportion of male versus female offspring in a litter affecting prenatal hormone exposure

Pattern where male mammals tend to travel farther than females in exploratory excursions and disperse more than females

Mortality from roadkill events where animals are struck and killed by vehicles

Social organization where individuals aggregate in groups, potentially providing antipredator benefits through collective vigilance and dilution effects

High diversity of life-history traits among individuals within populations, potentially masking life-history trade-offs

Behavior in which a female moves her litter to a new location

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles