Concepts

A measure of the variety of behaviors an individual uses, calculated using Shannon index across different behavioral categories during problem-solving trials

Risk-taking behavior calculated from flight initiation distance to a simulated predator approach

The duration of continuous engagement in a particular behavioral activity

The idea that individuals of different age-sex categories contribute differently to social structure and cohesion

Behavioral tendency to investigate novel environments, measured through open-field tests

The mean age of females when they lay eggs or give birth, calculated as the inverse of the sum of elasticities of population growth rate to changes in fecundities

Social organization where individuals aggregate in groups, potentially providing antipredator benefits through collective vigilance and dilution effects

High diversity of life-history traits among individuals within populations, potentially masking life-history trade-offs

The angle between the paths of predator and prey to the prey's refuge, expressing degree to which prey must run towards an approaching predator

Mass gain patterns in young animals during their first active season before hibernation

Behavioral patterns acquired through experience rather than innate programming

Behavior in which a female moves her litter to a new location

The process by which female mammals that develop in male-biased litters show signs of masculinization because they are exposed to testosterone produced by their male siblings in utero

Litters where offspring are sired by more than one male

A capture-recapture model that accounts for transitions between different states (e.g., age classes) and estimates state-specific survival and detection probabilities

When any social group contains 2 or more males with neither male forced to leave the group because of conflict

Infection by internal parasites including blood-borne trypanosomes and intestinal parasites that can affect host behavior and physiology

When animals prefer to associate with certain individuals over others within a group

The hypothesis that play provides an opportunity to practice and refine skills that will be needed later in adulthood

Unequal distribution of reproduction among group members, with some individuals having much higher reproductive success than others

Classification of female reproductive phase as gestation/lactation or post-reproductive/pre-hibernation

Demographic metric based on information theory quantifying the variation in social group composition across age and sex classes

Learning that occurs through observation or interaction with other individuals

Linear distance along stream between upper and lower boundaries of breeding territory

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles