Concepts

The concept that organisms face competing demands for limited resources during development that create trade-offs between different fitness components

The finite time and energy budget forcing organisms to trade off between competing activities like foraging and vigilance

Natural selection that favors behaviors that benefit relatives, even at a cost to the individual performing the behavior

Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time and contexts, concept known as animal personality, behavioural types, temperament or coping styles

Correlations between multiple repeatable, individually distinct behaviors that form consistent behavioral patterns across situations

Fitness benefits that include both direct fitness (individual's own reproductive success) and indirect fitness (fitness gained by helping relatives reproduce), weighted by coefficient of relatedness