A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (Utah Historical Quarterly, 1982)
Book Review| April 01 1982 A River No More: The Colorado River and the West A River No More: The Colorado River and the West, Philip L. Fradkin. Melvin T. Smith Melvin T. Smith Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1982) 50 (2): 203–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/45061429 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Melvin T. Smith; A River No More: The Colorado River and the West. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1982; 50 (2): 203–204. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45061429 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © Copyright 1982 Utah State Historical

Foraging in bumblebees: rule of departure from an inflorescence - G. H. Pyke (Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1982)
Most aspects of the bumblebees' rule of departure from an inflorescence of Aconitum columbianum are qualitatively what would be expected if the bumblebees maximize their net rate of energy gain. Flower revisitation increases with increases in the number of flowers already probed on an inflorescence and with decreases in the number of flowers available. Nectar volume per flower tends to decrease with increasing relative flower height and there is a positive correlation between nectar volumes of flowers from the same inflorescence. Consequently the bumblebees should be increasingly likely to leave an inflorescence with increases in either the number of flowers already probed or the relative height of the last flower and with decreases in either the number of flowers available or the nectar volume obtained at the last flower. The bumblebees showed all these trends.

Competition among pollinators: quantification of available resources - J. L. Pleasants; Marian A. Zimmerman (Oikos, 1982)
In a study of the bee community of short-grass prairie Tepedino and Stanton (1981) attempted to verify several predictions of competition theory by comparing abundances of bees and flowers. Their results were inconclusive suggesting, they said, that bees do not continuously compete for floral resources. We questioned their use of the number of open flowers as a measure of resource availability to bees because it is the nectar contained within those flowers that is the resource actually utilized. In two Rocky Mountain meadows we attempted to correlate bumblebee abundance with both the number of available flowers and the number of flowers multiplied by their 24 hour nectar production rates. Our results demonstrated that merely using floral abundance as an estimate of resource availability can be very misleading. The more time consuming method of quantifying the resources actually used by bees should be performed if meaningful conclusions concerning competition are to be drawn.

Thermoregulation and the determinants of heat transfer in Colias butterflies - R. J. Moffat; J. G. Kingsolver (Oecologia, 1982)
The success of the butterfly simulator in mimicking Colias thermal characteristics confirms the preliminary understanding of the physical bases for and heat transfer mechanisms underlying thermoregulatory adaptations in these butterflies.

The synonomy of Colacium calvum Stein and Colacium physeter Fott (Euglenophyceae) - R. L. Willey (Phycologia, 1982)

Artificial Substrates - J. Cairns (1982)

Bottom sediment chemistry and water quality near Mount Emmons, Colorado - T. D. Steele; T. H. Coughlin (Proceedings of the Exeter Symposium, 1982)

And the seasons they go round and round, and the Oenieus population goes up and down - J. Abel; M. Zieman (1982)

Population and habitit analyses of two endemic Colorado plants under the guidelines of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 - W. F. Grey (1982)

Kinship, reproductive strategies, and social dynamics of yellow-bellied marmots - D. W. Johns; Kenneth B. Armitage (Behavioral Ecology, 1982)
Social behavior of yellow-bellied marmots was observed for three years in colonies where kinship was known and for one year in a high elevation colony where harems were contiguous, indicating that reproductive strategies limit nepotism.

The Biology of Nectaries - David W. Inouye (1982)

Birds of the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory and Vicinity - W. A. Calder (1982)

How grazing affects the height and diversity of vegetation in a sub-alpine meadow - J. Lattman (1982)

The effects of reduction in trout density on the invertebrate community of a mountain stream - J. D. Allan (Ecology, 1982)
An experimental reduction in trout density was carried out for 4 yr to determine whether the numbers or species composition of aquatic invertebrates would be affected. In a Colorado stream, the standing crop of trout (mainly Salvelinus fontinalis) prior to this study was 4.86 g/m2, typical of infertile trout streams. Repeated electroshocking of a 1220 m long experimental section kept trout stocks at 10—25% of this initial value during the summers of 1975—1978. Density of invertebrates in the benthos (number of invertebrates per square metre) showed no consistent differences between the trout removal section and upstream and downstream control sections for the majority to taxa examined. Drift density (number of invertebrates per 1000 cubic metres) also failed to show an effect of the trout removal. Some taxa were significantly more abundant at one site than another, but this was attributable to changes along the stream gradient or differences in phenology among the sites rather than exp

Field measures of flower constancy in bumblebees - James D. Thomson (American Midland Naturalist, 1981)

Patchiness in the dispersion of nectar resources: probable causes - Marian A. Zimmerman (Oecologia, 1981)
By sampling standing crop of nectar in a D. nelsonii population during periods of both high and low bumblebee abundance evidence was gathered indicating that hot and cold spots are caused by bumblebees.

Small mammal habitats and morphologies: patterns and correlations - P. A. Carter (1981)

Hawkmoths and the geographic patterns of floral variation in Aquilegia caerulea - Robert R. Miller (Evolution, 1981)

Morphological variation of Daphnia pulex Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera) and related species from North America - S. I. Dodson (Hydrobiologia, 1981)
The data support either the view that the D. pulex species group is one widespread and variable species, or that it is comprised of a much larger number of species than presently recognized.

A Study of the Population Biology of Frasera Speciosa - L. Hill (1981)

Deer mouse hemoglobins: is there genetic adaptation to high altitude? - L. R. G. Snyder (BioScience, 1981)

Diet and Hibernation of Yellow-bellied Marmots: Why are Marmots so Fat? - B. C. Woods (1981)

A modified clip cage for use with aphids and other small insects - J. F. Addicott (Canadian Entomologist, 1981)
Experimental ecologists have frequently used cages to facilitate their understanding of ecological systems. This has been particularly true of ecologists studying aphids and other small insects, and a variety of cage designs have been described, ranging from small screened tents to sleeve cages to clip cages (see Adams and van Emden, 1972). The purpose of this note is to describe a modified clip cage design that is suitable for use on irregular cylindrical surfaces as well as on leaves.

Effect of Keystone Mine effluent on colonization of stream benthos - S. K. Z. Cook; B. L. Peckarsky (Environmental Entomology, 1981)
Journal Article Effect of Keystone Mine Effluent on Colonization of Stream Benthos Get access Barbara L. Peckarsky, Barbara L. Peckarsky 2 Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado 81224 2 Present address: Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kimberly Z. Cook Kimberly Z. Cook 3 Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado 81224 3 Present address: Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 10, Issue 6, 1 December 1981, Pages 864–871, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/10.6.864 Published: 01 December 1981 Article history Received: 07 July 1980 Published: 01 December 1981

Optimal nectar production in a hummingbird pollinated plant - G. H. Pyke (Theoretical Population Biology, 1981)
It is hypothesized that the average rate of nectar production per flower for a population of plants is such than an individual plant which possesses this rate has maximum fitness (i.e., is optimal), and predictions concerning nectarProduction in scarlet gilia, a hummingbird pollinated plant are developed.

Hummingbird foraging on artificial inflorescences - G. H. Pyke (Behaviour Analysis Letters, 1981)

Heat exchange of nesting hummingbirds in the Rocky Mountains - W. A. Calder (National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1981)

Bumblebee response to variation in nectar availability - J. L. Pleasants (Ecology, 1981)
I examined the response of bumblebees to two kinds of spatial variation and two kinds of temporal variation in nectar levels. The spatial variation involved differences in reward value among plant species and differences in nectar availability among patches of flowers of a single species. The temporal variation involved changes in nectar availability over a season and between years. In all cases the response of bees was measured by differences in bee density or abundance. The response of bees of different plant species was determined by the density of foraging bees on the flowers of each species at a given time (bee:flower ratio = B/F). I examined several groups of plant species whose members overlapped in their flowering periods and in their bumblebee visitors. Within a group, the relative magnitudes of the B/F's for species indicate the degree to which their flowers are preferred by bees. If bees are optimal foragers, preference should reflect the per—flower reward value of species.

Ecological determinants of food plant choice in the checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas editha in Colorado - C. E. Holdren; P. R. Ehrlich (Oecologia, 1981)

Pollinator flight directionality and the assessment of pollen returns - Robert R. Miller; C. M. Hodges (Oecologia, 1981)
It is suggested that bumblebees foraging for pollen may not perceive revisitations and their associated costs because they do not assess pollen returns on a per plant basis, and energetic-efficiency arguments predicting the pattern of foraging movements among plants may be inappropriate.

Vocalizations of the ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) - Rodney J Richards; R. L. Willey (Southwestern Naturalist, 1981)

Parasitoids as selective agents in the symbiosis between lycaenid butterfly larvae and ants - P. S. Mead; N. E. Pierce (Science, 1981)
The larvae of Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) secrete substances that attract ants. In two field sites in Colorado, tending ants protect caterpillars of G. lygdamus from attack by braconid and tachinid parasitoids. This protection may have been an important feature in the evolution of the association between lycaenid larvae and ants.

Heritage Resource Study Series for the Mount Emmons Project of Amax, Inc., Gunnison County, Colorado - Vol. VI, Part 1; the Crested Butte National Historic District, Gunnison County, Colorado, a Review and Evaluation - Steven G. Baker; M. Sullenberger; David A. Smith (1981)

Mammalian Population Genetics - O. A. Schwartz; Kenneth B. Armitage (1981)

Slowed motion analysis of stridulation in the grasshopper, Xanthippus corallipes (Acrididae: Oedipodinae) - B. A. Frase; R. L. Willey (Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1981)

Sensitive plant species in the upper Gunnison basin - P. M. Dixon (1981)

Predator-prey interaction and case-building behavior - J. K. Jackson (1981)

Stability properties of two-species models of mutualism: simulation studies - J. F. Addicott (Oecologia, 1981)

Geographic variation in vocalizations and evolution of North American pine grosbeaks - C. S. Adkisson (Condor, 1981)
North American Pine Grosbeaks (Pinicola enucleator) vary geographically in two of their call notes. Variation is greatest in the location calls that communicate between individuals at great distances. Birds of the taiga and coastal Alaska give whistled calls, of which four categories have been identified. Western montane and Queen Charlotte Islands birds give more complex, modulated calls, which vary greatly among localities. Taiga and montane birds do not approach playback of each other's calls, though wild birds usually respond quickly to playback of their own calls. Cross-fostering experiments show that the location call can be entirely learned in the first weeks of life, suggesting that the observed variation in nature arose in association with isolation of small, possibly founder, populations. No selective agent leading to call variation has been identified, but vegetation structure is discounted as a factor.

Aquatic insects as measures of trace element presence: cadmium and molybdenum - T. E. Colborn (1981)

Why hummingbirds hover and honeyeaters perch - G. H. Pyke (Animal Behavior, 1981)
Evidence is presented in support of the suggestion that a hovering bird is able to move between flowers more quickly than one that is perching, however, this advantage to hovering may be offset by the higher energetic costs of hovering as compared with perching.

Pollinator choice and stabilizing selection for flower color in Delphinium nelsonii - Mary V. Price; Nickolas M. Waser (Evolution, 1981)

Sociality as a life-history tactic of ground squirrels - Kenneth B. Armitage (Oecologia, 1981)
Analysis of life-history traits of 18 species of burrowing sciurids indicates that reproductive effort is determined by body-size energetics, and sociality in these species may have evolved through retention of daughters within the maternal home range as a means of continuing reproductive investment beyond weaning.

Heritage Resource Series for the Mount Emmons Project of Amax Inc., Gunnison County Historic District, Gunnison County, Colorado. Volume VI Part I: the Crested Butte National Historic District, Gunnison County, Colorado, a Review and Evalu - David A. Smith; Steven G. Baker; M. Sullenberger (1981)

Population structure of pierid butterflies. IV. Genetic and physiological investment in offspring by male Colias - W. B. Watt; Carol L. Boggs (Oecologia, 1981)
Female use of nutrients donated by males at mating, and complete sperm precedence, in Colias eurytheme Boisduval are documented.

Puddling behavior in butterflies - P. A. Carter (1981)

Water budgets of montane-mesic and lowland-xeric populations of yellow-bellied marmots - James V. Ward; Kenneth B. Armitage (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1981)

Circannual rhythms of food consumption, body mass, and metabolism in yellow-bellied marmots - James V. Ward; Kenneth B. Armitage (Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1981)
The circannual cycle of MR is suggested as the driving force underlying the cycles of food consumption and Bm in marmots, which corresponds well with observed differences in above-ground activity between the two populations.

Determinants of diet of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a mountain stream - J. D. Allan (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 1981)
Feeding rates, time of feeding, and prey choice of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were studied in Cement Creek, Colorado, in 1975–77. On each of five dates from early June to late September, I collected trout at intervals over a 24-h period, along with samples of invertebrate drift and benthos. Although substantial individual variation was observed in time of feeding and prey choice, feeding during the day appeared to predominate. The period of peak feeding shifted from 18:00–22:00 in June–July to earlier hours in August–September. The average number of prey per predator declined over the season and trout relied more heavily on terrestrial forms as aquatic taxa became more rare. The weight of food eaten per day was \ 3–4 × the average amount observed per stomach.The numerical abundance of prey in the diet was significantly correlated with abundance of prey in the drift. Except for a few trout which ingested large, rare prey, this was also true for prey composition by biomass. Large

Historical Architecture of Gunnison Gunnison County, Colorado: a Review and Evaluation. Centuries Research, Inc. Montrose, CO 81402 - Steven G. Baker; M. Sullenberger (1981)

Optimal foraging, plant density and the marginal value theorem - Marian A. Zimmerman (Oecologia, 1981)
Bees did not perform exactly as the marginal value theorem predicted they should to maximize their rate of net energy intake, which strongly implies that optimal foraging models which predict a shift in any particular behavior in response to environmental conditions are too simplistic to accurately predict foraging behavior.

Values and choices in the development of the Colorado river basin - R.J. Benthem (Landscape Planning, 1981)

Territoriality of the pika - E. Platzman (1981)

Current habitat status of and anthropogenic impacts on the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum - C. B. Geraghty (1981)

Lower timberline in central Colorado during the past 15,000 years - L. Scott; V. Markgraff (Geology, 1981)

Ecological consequences of dioecism in plants: a case study of sex differences, sex ratios and population dynamics of Valeriana edulis nutt - Judith D. Soule (1981)

Spatial and temporal components of resource assessment by flower-feeding insects - James D. Thomson (Journal of Animal Ecology, 1981)
(1) Per-flower insect visitation rates on two plant species within Rocky Mountain subalpine meadows were measured using fluorescent powders and found to be positively correlated with local flower density, suggesting that insects concentrate their foraging in dense patches of flowers. (2) Visitation rates on both species are also correlated with the presence of other plant species which share the same visitors; these correlations are positive, suggesting cooperative rather than competitive plant-plant relationships, at least insofar as visitation is concerned.

Historical Architecture of Gunnison, Gunnison County, Colorado, a Review and Evaluation - M. Sullenberger; Steven G. Baker (1981)

Is tending by ants essential to aphids? - M. Braner (1981)

Crested Butte National Historic District, Gunnison County, Colorado, a Review and Evaluation - Steven G. Baker; David A. Smith; M. Sullenberger (1981)

Butterfly nomenclature: a critique - Dennis D. Murphy; P. R. Ehrlich (Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 1981)

Heritage Resource Study Series for the Mount Emmons Project of Amax Inc., Gunnison County, Colorado - Vol. VI, Part II; the Historical Architecutre of Gunnison, Gunnison County, Colorado: a Review and Evaluation - Steven G. Baker; M. Sullenberger (1981)

Embryological induction and predation ecology in Daphnia pulex - D. A. Krueger; S. I. Dodson (Limnology and Oceanography, 1981)
Results of laboratory experiments suggest that a water‐soluble factor released into the environment by the predacious phantom midge larva Chaoborus americanus (Diptera: Chaoboridae) causes embryos of the waterflea Daphnia pulex Leydig 1860 emend. Richard 1896 (Crustacea: Cladocera) to develop into a form called Daphnia minnehaha Herrick 1884. Chaoborus larvae are unable to eat the D. minnehaha form as readily as the D. pulex form.

Plants of the Gothic Area - P. Buck (1981)

Reply to comment by Sell - B. L. Peckarsky (Limnology and Oceanography, 1981)
important in situ technique, a conclusive analysis of in situ data to determine the References density dependence of emigration and CORKUM, L. D. 1978.The influence of density and immigration of benthic stream inverte-behavioural type on the active entry of two mayfly species (Ephemeroptera) into the water brates remains to be made.Assumptions

Optimal foraging in hummingbirds: rule of movement between inflorescences - G. H. Pyke (Animal Behaviour, 1981)
The movements of hummingbirds between inflorescences of scarlet gilia exhibited the following patterns: Although the hummingbirds appeared to avoid moving to the previous inflorescence, no significant correlation was found between the directions of successive inter-inflorescence movements.

Early experience determines song dialect responsiveness of female sparrows - K. J. Spitler-Nabors; M. C. Baker; D. C. Bradley (Science, 1981)
In a laboratory experiment, female white-crowned sparrows responded almost exclusively to male songs taken from their home dialect region and usually not to songs taken from an alien dialect region. Song dialect populations may represent a level of genetic population structure below that of the subspecies and may play an important role in songbird evolution.

The river continuum concept: fact or fiction? - J. K. Jackson (1981)

The population ecology of a natural population of the pierid butterfly Colias alexandra - J. L. Hayes (Oecologia, 1981)
Key factor analysis techniques were used to examine factors determining the abundance of a population of non-pest Colias, finding factors resulting in reduced natality and mortality during larval diapause determine the population trends for C. alexandra.

Optimal foraging in bumblebees: why is nectar left behind in flowers? - L. L. Wolf; C. M. Hodges (Behavioral Ecology, 1981)
Queen bumblebees (Bombus appositus) leave nectar behind in Delphinium nelsoni flowers with high-standing crops of nectar, and residues predicted by an optimal feeding hypothesis agree with field measurements.

Optimal foraging in bumblebees: hunting by expectation - C. M. Hodges (Animal Behaviour, 1981)
Predictions of the three hypotheses concerned with hunting by expectation were tested experimentally by varying the quality of plants (amount and distribution of nectar) encountered by bumblebees (Bombus appositus).

Body Size,Physiological Time, and Longevity of Homeothermic Animals - S. L. Lindstedt; W. A. Calder (Quarterly Review of Biology, 1981)

Report on bumblebee project - M. Braner (1981)

Alert behavior of marmots while foraging - M. Stenger (1981)

Nectar preferences in hummingbirds - E. Platzman (1981)

Dispersal of yearling yellow bellied marmots Marmota flaviventris - J. F. Downhower; Kenneth B. Armitage (Animal Behaviour, 1981)

Patterns in insect herbivory - L. Hill (1981)

Long range dispersal in checkerspot butterflies: transplant experiments with Euphydryas gillettii - C. E. Holdren; P. R. Ehrlich (Oecologia, 1981)

Synonymy of Aphis heraclella Davis 1919 with Aphis helianthi Monell 1879 (Homoptera: Aphididae) - J. F. Addicott (Canadian Entomologist, 1981)

A brief study of Limnephilus feeding and leaf pack colonization - P. Bingham (1980)

The effect of proboscis and corolla tube lengths on patterns and rates of flower visitation by bumblebees - David W. Inouye (Oecologia, 1980)
The results indicate significant correlations between proboscis length and time spent by bees on flowers, and suggest that bumblebees of short probosc is length prefer and are more efficient on short corolla tubes.

A new high-altitude species of Boloria from southwestern Colorado (Nymphalidae), with a discussion of phenetics and hierarchical decisions - F. A. H. Sperling; L. F. Gall (Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 1980)

Community structure, Copper Creek, Gothic, Colorado - S. Klariett (1980)

A comparative study of primary productivity in two ponds - J. L. Westland (1980)

Metabolic resource allocation vs. mating attractions: adaptive pressure on the "alba" polymorphism of Colias butterflies - S. M. Graham; L. F. Gall; W. B. Watt (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1980)

Reproduction in Polymonium: competition for pollinators - Marian A. Zimmerman (Ecology, 1980)

Avian species interactions vs. niche - C. Lombard (1980)

The Influence of Flatworm Predation on Zooplankton Inhabiting small ponds - S. Schoenholtz; M. Arts; E. J. Maly (Hydrobiologia, 1980)

Physiological ecology of the yellow-bellied marmot - James V. Ward (1980)

Implications of different sorts of evidence for competition - James D. Thomson (American Naturalist, 1980)
Pianka's (1976) treatment of competition and niche theory is taken as an authoritative precis of the recent state of this school of thought, in turn aiming attention at the functional and evolutionary responses.

Evolution of the alphaesterase duplication within the montana subphylad of the virilis species group of Drosophila (Genetics, 1980)
ABSTRACT Previous studies on linkage disequilibrium involving four tightly linked genes that code for the alpha-esterases of Drosophila montana suggest that these loci arose from a primitive esterase gene by gene duplication, Iollowed by tandem duplication (ROBERTS and BAKER 1973). We have examined the esterase variants in the closely related species, Zacicola, fluvomontana and borealis. These studies reveal that borealis has only a single esterase locus, and flmomontana may have only two loci. Cytological studies, using aceto-orcein staining and Hoechst fluorescence of squashes of ganglion chromosomes, reveal acrocentric Y chromosomes for all six species of the montana phylad, with the exception of borealis, which has the primitive rod-shaped Y chromosome. These studies provide evidence ayainst the hypothesis (STONE, GUEST and WILSON 1960) that borealis and flavomontana are derived from montana, but support THROCKMORTON'S (1978) conclusion of the early divergence of the

Primary production in pond ecosystems - C. Watson (1980)

Diurnal fluctuations of biotic and physical parameters in two river systems and their comparison - C. Lombard (1980)

Enviromental Assessment of the Gothic & Vicinity Gunnison County, Co - K. Verhulst; S. Killhorn; F. Pollack; K. Diehl (1980)

The effects of nonsugar nectar constituents on estimates of nectar energy content - M. S. Roberts; D. M. Levine; N. D. Favre; F. C. Tsao; J. B. Meyers; J. A. Lanum; Y. Y. Wang; David W. Inouye (Ecology, 1980)

Foraging Behavior: Ecological, Ethological and Psychological Applications - G. H. Pyke (1980)

Proposed new identification character for the genus Colacium (Euglenophyceae) - R. L. Willey (Journal of Phycology, 1980)

Skewed flowering distributions and bumblebees - James D. Thomson (American Midland Naturalist, 1980)

A behavioral study of male territoriality of broad-tailed hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus) - G. A. Nevitt (1980)

An analysis of the species diversity and total number of bethic invertebrates above and below the Keystone Mine effluent - S. Locke (1980)

A Helicopter Quadrat Census for Mule Deer on Uncompahgre Plateau, Colorado - David C. Bowden; James H. Olterman; Roland C. Kufeld (The Journal of Wildlife Management, 1980)
Roland C. Kufeld, James H. Olterman, David C. Bowden, A Helicopter Quadrat Census for Mule Deer on Uncompahgre Plateau, Colorado, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Jul., 1980), pp. 632-639

Production and productivity in an alpine tundra ecosystem - J. Deutch (1980)

Selective deposition of an oviposition-deterring pheromone by Hylemya - Marian A. Zimmerman (Environmental Entomology, 1980)

Home range of small mammals - S. Klariett (1980)

Population structure of pierid butterflies. III. Pest populations of Colias philodice eriphyle - B. E. Tabashnik (Oecologia, 1980)

The Cedar Mesa scarp of the Colorado Plateau - Example of the morphodynamics of scarps in arid regions - K. Schipull (Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 1980)

Resource utilization in bumblebees: a study of Bombus oppositus and Bombus flavifrons - T. R. Barriball; J. L. Westland (1980)

Diurnal changes in environmental factors affecting two streams of different orders - C. M. Rice (1980)

Foraging behavior of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) - G. A. Nevitt (1980)

Marmota flaviventris - R. S. Hoffman; B. A. Frase (Mammalian Species No., 1980)
This datasheet on Marmota flaviventris covers Identity, Distribution.

Some observations on the distribution of amphibian larvae in the vicinity of Gothic, Colorado (1980)

Distribution of Fishes in the San Rafael River System of the Upper Colorado River Basin - Charles R. Berry; Charles W. McAda; Charles E. Phillips (The Southwestern Naturalist, 1980)
Charles W. McAda, Charles R. Berry, Jr., Charles E. Phillips, Distribution of Fishes in the San Rafael River System of the Upper Colorado River Basin, The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan. 30, 1980), pp. 41-49

A study of the attached algae of streams and ponds in the area of Gothic, Colorado - B. R. Anderson (1980)

Aquatic primary production - J. Bartels (1980)

Primary production in two ponds: a comparison - T. R. Barriball (1980)

Interactions between larval amphibians (1980)

A mark-recapture study of a subalpine population of P. maniculatus - R. Ozanne (1980)

Do stonefly predators influence benthic distributions in streams? - S. I. Dodson; B. L. Peckarsky (Ecology, 1980)
Experimental manipulations were conducted within the substrate of a Wisconsin stream and a Colorado stream to measure the effect of stonefly predators on the distribution of benthic invertebrates. Screen cages containing free predators, predators restricted from foraging, or no predators, allowed prey migration but no predator migration over 3—d periods. The presence of Acroneuria lycorias (Perlidae) in the Wisconsin stream significantly depressed the establishment of prey populations within cage microhabitats. Mechanisms for reduction were consumption of prey by the stonefly, and predator—avoidance by prey using contact and non—contact cues. The presence of Mergarcys signata (Perlodidae) reduced prey colonization in the Colorado stream by the same mechanisms, but restricted predators produced less consistent effects. This results could be due to colonization of cages by prey that could not detect predators without contact. Pternarcella badia (Pteronarcidae), a large stonefly detritivo

Variation in generation time in Frasera speciosa (Gentianaceae), a long-lived perennial monocarp - O. R. Taylor; David W. Inouye (Oecologia, 1980)
Staggered reproduction by an individual's offspring has the effect of insuring survival in an environment with high variability in pollinator effectiveness, germination, and seedling establishment.

Breeding in Sphyrapicus varius varius - S. Klariett (1980)

Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Carteret County, 1979 - Michael L. Thompson; Kenneth A. Sorensen (Insecticide and Acaricide Tests, 1980)
Abstract 'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 24, near Beaufort, NC. Single row plots 25-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Pretreatment counts of Colorado potato beetle were made by examining 3 plants/plot and recording the number of adults, larvae and egg masses. Treatments aimed at the adult populations were applied on Apr 18 followed on Apr 19 by post treatment counts. Two egg masses/plant were also taken to check for ovicidal and residual activity. Plots were sprayed by grower on Apr 27 (Sevin) and Apr 30 (Lannate). Due to poor timing of applications (as indicated by counts on May 2), treatments were again applied on May 9 followed by post treatment counts on May 11. All treatments were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi and equipped with a hollow cone nozzle. Yields were not taken.

The ecology of avian incubation - C. Carey (BioScience, 1980)
Journal Article The Ecology of Avian Incubation Get access Cynthia Carey Cynthia Carey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 30, Issue 12, December 1980, Pages 819–824, https://doi.org/10.2307/1308374 Published: 01 December 1980 Article history Accepted: 08 September 1980 Published: 01 December 1980

Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Johnston County, 1979 - Michael L. Thompson; Kenneth A. Sorensen (Insecticide and Acaricide Tests, 1980)
Abstract 'Superior' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 29, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 7-ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 2-ft alleys between replications. A pretreatment stand count and defoliation rating was made on May 15. Rating was based on 0 - no defoliation, 10- 100% defoliation. All treatments were applied on May 18 and May 22 at the rate of 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5 gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Three plants per replication were examined for the presence of adults, immatures and egg masses of the Colorado potato beetle on May 15, 21 and 24. Yields were taken on July 5.

The mammal grid - J. Bartels (1980)

G. K. Gilbert and ground water, or ‘I have drawn this map with much reluctance’ - Allen F. Agnew (Geological Society of America eBooks, 1980)
Gilbert’s studies of underground water were overshadowed by his magnificent reports on geologic structure and landforms. In fact, his 1896 publication on the underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado was called by W. M. Davis “for the most part a straightforward geological account of the successive strata.” Gilbert’s 1896 report devoted equal space to stratigraphy and to underground water. His discussion of artesian water was based largely on Chamberlin’s excellent paper on that subject, a decade previously; he briefly acknowledged his debt to Chamberlin for the section dealing with the general occurrence of artesian water, and acknowledged more completely his debt to his U.S. Geological Survey colleague, F. H. Newell. Gilbert’s reports of 1896 and 1897 are largely practical ones on where and how to explore for artesian water, and they include maps showing areas where water can be expected in wells at different depths. Plagued by too little information, he was courag

Biological Monitoring - E. E. Herricks; D. S. Cherry; van der Schalie; A. L. Buikema; J. H. Rodgers; R. A. Matthews; B. R. Niederlehner; J. Cairns (Water Research, 1980)

The terminology of floral larceny - David W. Inouye (Ecology, 1980)

Optimal foraging in bumblebees: calculation of net rate of energy intake and optimal patch choice - G. H. Pyke (Theoretical Population Biology, 1980)
Equations are derived for the calculation of the rate of net energy intake of a foraging bumblebee and the assumptions that form the basis of these energy equations are discussed.

Studies in Southern Presbyterian History. By Harolo M. Parker Jr Gunnison, Colorado: B & B Printers, 1979. vi + 214 pp. $12.00; $8.00 (paper). - Dwyn Mecklin Mounger (Church History, 1980)
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Ouzel-watch: the behavior of dippers - K. L. Haberman (1980)

Skewed flowering distributions and pollinator attraction - James D. Thomson (Ecology, 1980)
The temporal distributions of flowering by animal—pollinated plant populations, flowering curves, can be viewed profitably as resource utilization functions. A conceptual model of plant competition for pollinators suggests that selection may favor asymmetrical, positively skewed curves, and that such skewness should be most evident in flowers which, at the initiation of flowering, are of a type unfamiliar to their pollinators. Both predictions are confirmed in an examination of 57 species of subalpine meadow plants from the Colorado Rocky Mountains.

Primary production - R. Ozanne (1980)

A new method for quantifying scarp retreat: The Black Mesa scarp, Colorado Plateau, USA - K.-H. Schmidt (Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 1980)

Competition for bumblebee pollinators in Rocky Mountain plant communities - J. L. Pleasants (Ecology, 1980)
Meadoew plant communities at four sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains were studied to evaluate the influence of competition for bumblebee pollinators. The niche relationships among plant species were characterized by overlap with respect to species of bumblebee visitors and times of flowering. Species in each community could be divided into two to three guilds based upon the identity of the species' major bumblebee visitor. Only the members of a guild would potentially be in competition with one another for pollinators. The competition hypothesis is that guild members have segregated blooming periods which would minimize competition. The null hypothesis is that blooming periods are dispersed randomly through time. The competition hypothesis was tested by comparing the actual temporal spacing pattern for a guild with random patterns generated by computer simulation. For 10 out of 11 guilds the sequence of blooming periods was more regular than expected (either at the statistically sig

Pollinator foraging behavior and gene dispersal in Senecio (Compositae) - J. Schmitt (Evolution, 1980)
The breeding systems and stationary spatial distributions of animal-pollinated flowering plants are consistent with Wright's models and such systems have proved excellent for the study of neighborhood size, because gene dispersal can be estimated directly by measuring pollinator movements and seed dispersal distances.

An experimental analysis of biological factors contributing to stream community structure - S. I. Dodson; B. L. Peckarsky (Ecology, 1980)
Densities of invertebrates were manipulated within stony substrate filled cages in a Wisconsin and a Colorado stream to test the effects of prey densities on colonizaiton of the cages by invertebrate predators and potential competitors. There was no difference between the number of predators colonizing cages with high initial prey densities and that the colonizing cages with zero initial prey density, for any trial, during any season, in either stream. This observed lack of predator response to prey density has been termed a "null numerical response," characteristic of predator populations limited by factors other than prey availability. Food resource, then, was not responsible for the observed distributions of invertebrate predators in these two streams. Physical habitat cues or mutual interference among predators may explain the observed colonization pattern of these predators. Wisconsin stream prey preferentially colonized cages with zero initial densities compared to cages with pot

Time of superposition of the Arkansas River, Chaffee County, Colorado - Robert Reinking; Richard Hoeksema (The Mountain Geologist, 1980)
Threemile Creek, a tributary to Colorado's upper Arkansas River, underwent two episodes of stream piracy during the Pleistocene. Recognition of the abandoned stream segments and determination of the time when each stream capture took place, permits determination of the position of the Arkansas River during the Pleistocene. This study reveals that it was established in its present channel In Browns Canyon by late Tertiary, thus discounting the suggestion of some authors that the Arkansas River flowed west of Browns Canyon during the Nebraskan stage. The study also suggests that more attention should be paid to abandoned tributary streams when determining the history of a major river.

AN EX POST ANALYSIS OF THE UNCOMPAHGRE PROJECT1 - William H. Sander (JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1980)
ABSTRACT: The national and regional economic impact of the Bureau of Reclamation's Uncompahgre Project which was authorized in 1903 is assessed. Benefit‐cost ratios for the project are calculated for a range of production cost estimates and discount rates. An economic base approach is used to estimate the project's regional economic impact. Although the project has been marginal in terms of an economic efficiency rationale it has been an important impetus to regional economic growth in the Uncompahgre Region over time.

CLAST‐LADEN MELT‐ROCK FRAGMENT IN THE ADAMS COUNTY, COLORADO, H5 CHONDRITE - R.A. Schmitt; M.‐S. Ma; Martin Prinz; R.V. Fodor; A.V. Murali; Klaus Keil (Meteoritics, 1980)
The Adams County, Colorado, H5 chondrite contains a lithic fragment, 1 cm in size, that is texturally and mineralogically quite different from the chondritic host. It is composed of: a groundmass of fine‐grained euhedral to subhedral olivine (3–15 μm) and interstitial glass enclosing larger olivine and pyroxene grains (0.15‐0.5 mm; about 15 vol %); an assemblage of enstatite grains (subfragment within) and an assemblage of olivine plus orthopyroxene (a second subfragment); and about 11 vol % grains of mixed troilite and nickel‐iron metal. Analyses yielded these results: (i) olivine grains of the fragment groundmass have a compositional range (Fa12–45) and most grains contain substantial CaO and Cr2O3 (∼ 0.20 and 0.30 avg. wt%, respectively); interstitial glass has ∼ 55 wt% SiO2; (ii) larger olivine grains of the fragment are similarly high in CaO and Cr2O3 and also have a wide FeO/MgO range; one unusual pyroxene is an Mg‐rich pigeonite; (iii) the metal is martensite in composition (11–

Colorado checkerspot butterflies: isolation, neutrality, and the biospecies - R. R. White; P. R. Ehrlich (American Naturalist, 1980)
Colorado Euphydryas editha populations completely isolated from well-studied West Coast populations for at least 7,000 generations show strong phenetic and, at seven of eight loci, genetic resemblance to them. The patterns of allozyme variation are not compatible with the hypothesis that the observed variation is only a result of mutation and drift. Euphydryas editha appears to be an example of a phenetic species that maintains its coherence because its populations are kept similar by similar selection pressures or by a neutral genetic inertia, not by the unifying effects of gene flow.

Palynology of Pinedale Sediments, Devlins Park, Boulder County, Colorado - Thomas E. Legg; Richard G. Baker (Arctic and Alpine Research, 1980)
A core of varved lake sediments from Devlins Park, Front Range, Colorado, has yielded a radiocarbon-dated pollen record of environments during the last major advance of Pinedale ice. The downstream end of Devlins Park was dammed by Pinedale ice from 22,400 to 12,180 BP, creating the lake. The pollen diagram is dominated by Artemisia (40 to 60%) and Pinus (10 to 25%). Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Juniperus, and Picea pollen are also constantly present at low percentages. Arboreal pollen percentages are low, ranging from 13 to 30%. Pollen concentration varies from 6000 to 40,000 grains cc-õf wet sediment. Modern pollen rain from a nearby wet depression is very different from the core pollen spectra, with greater percentages of Pinus (70%) and Picea (6%) pollen, less Artemisia (7%) pollen, and pollen concentration of 106,000 grains CC-'

Genetic variation in social mammals: the marmot model - O. A. Schwartz; Kenneth B. Armitage (Science, 1980)
The social substructure and the distribution of genetic variation among colonies of yellow-bellied marmots, when analyzed as an evolutionary system, suggests that this substructure enhances the intercolony variance and retards the fixation of genetic variation. This result supports a traditional theory of gradual evolution rather than recent theories suggesting accelerated evolution in social mammals.

Evolutionary conservation of linkage groups: additional evidence from murid and cricetid rodents - L. R. G. Snyder (Biochemical Genetics, 1980)
Linkage has now been established between Gpi-1 and the Hbe globin locus in Peromyscus, suggesting that perhaps a chromosomal inversion has occurred during the evolutionary divergence of the two rodent families.

Predator-prey interactions between stoneflies and mayflies: behavioral observations - B. L. Peckarsky (Ecology, 1980)
Field experiments were conducted at two streams to determine the mechanisms by which mayfly prey detect and avoid stonefly predators, and to quantify the effect of stonefly predators upon mayfly behavior, distribution, and activity levels. Direct observations of the interactions between stoneflies and mayflies were made at Otter Creek, Sauk County, Wisconsin, USA and the East River, Gunnison County, Colorado, USA using plexiglass boxes with screen ends and an artificial substrate. Ephemerella subvaria and Stenonema fuscum, Otter Creek, avoided the stonefly predator Acroneuria lycorias given only noncontact chemical stimuli. Ephemerella infrequens and Baetis bicaudatus, East River, Responded to long—range chemical stimuli from Megarcys signata and Kogotus modestus, East River. Baetis phoebus and Heptagenia hebe, Otter Creek, and Cinygmula sp., East River, did not respond to stonefly predators given long—range chemical cues along. Differences among responses of different mayflies may be

Closely linked alpha-chain hemoglobin loci in Peromyscus and other mammals: speculations on the evolution of duplicate loci - L. R. G. Snyder (Evolution, 1980)

Reproduction in Polymonium: pre-dispersal seed predation - Marian A. Zimmerman (Ecology, 1980)

Phytochemical correlates of herbivory in a community of native and naturalized cruciferae - F. S. Chew; J. E. Rodman (Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1980)
Oviposition and larval feeding behaviors of the crucifer specialist Pieris napi macdunnoughii correlate with leaf glucosinolate profils of plant species in a natural community, and it is suggested that allelochemically similar community associates influence the coevolution of individual plant species with insect herbivores.

The amino acids of extrafloral nectar from Helianthella quinquenervis (Asteraceae) - R. S. Inouye; David W. Inouye (American Journal of Botany, 1980)
The extrafloral nectar from involucral bracts of Helianthella quinquenervis has more nonprotein (5) and total (24) amino acids than have been reported for any other extrafloral nectar. Seven to twelve additional unknowns, probably nonprotein amino acids, were also found. The concentrations of amino acids (8–10 on the histidine scale) were the highest ever reported for extrafloral nectar. Most amino acids were found in all samples, while others were variable in their occurrence.

Petrographic study of igneous rocks and breccias from the Mt. Bellview prospect, Elk Mountains, Gunnison County, Colorado - Mary Dylewski (The Knowledge Bank (The Ohio State University), 1980)
The Mt. Bellview prospect is located in the Elk Mountains of Gunnison County, approximately 12 miles north of Crested Butte, Colorado (Figure 1). Geologic mapping by Mutschler (1970) revealed that an igneous complex had intruded and hornfelsed the Mancos Shale in the Mt. Belleview area. The complex is Tertiary in age and consists of granodiorite, granodiorite porphyry, quartz monzonite porphyry, and a large body of intrusive igneous rubble breccia. Petrographic study of the samples revealed prophylitic, argillic and phyllic hydrothermal alteration and/or silicification of the rocks of the Mt. Bellview stock. Geochemical studies revealed anomalous concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Au and Ag in the rubble breccia pipe, higher than in the intrusive rocks. Diamond drilling perhaps to a depth of 3000-4000 feet would adequately test the prospect as a potential site of porphyry molybdenum mineralization.

Influence of detritus upon colonization of stream invertebrates - B. L. Peckarsky (Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 1980)
The effect of introduced detritus on the colonization of cages by benthic invertebrates within the substrate of two stony streams was examined. Pairs of substrate-filled screen cages were buried to a depth of 10–20 cm within the substrate of Otter Creek, Sauk County, Wisconsin, and the East River, Gunnison County, Colorado. Variously conditioned coarse particular detritus was added to experimental cages, and no detritus to control cages. Total macroinvertebrates and total detritivores did not preferentially colonize cages enriched with detritus. Shredders showed higher colonization of experimental cages during fall trials using leaves conditioned by inoculation with microbial flora from Otter Creek. This observation reflects habitat choice by availability of high-quality food for shredders during the season of their greatest abundance. Shredders preferentially colonized detritus-enriched cages during combined summer trials in the East River and during summer trials when leaves were not

Foraging behavior in Bombus spp - B. Loring (1980)

Effect of constant and fluctuating temperatures on resting and active oxygen consumption of toads, Bufo boreas - C. Carey (Oecologia, 1979)
Standard metabolic rates (SMR) of boreas and halophilus show pronounced regions of thermal independence but all other standard and active metabolic rates of groups acclimated to other thermal regimes are thermally sensitive.

Aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure during rest and activity in montane Bufo b. boreas and Rana pipiens - C. Carey (Oecologia, 1979)
Standard metabolic rates of both species are more thermally dependent than comparable values for lowland relatives and thermal sensitivity of physiological functions may have distinct advantages over thermally compensated rates in the short growing season and daily thermal fluctuations of the montane environment.

Sympatry of Pocket Gophers on Mesa de Maya, Colorado - Jerry R. Choate; Steven J. Bissell; Michael P. Moulton (Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-), 1979)
Geographic and ecologic relationships among the four species of pocket gophers that occur in Colorado have stimulated considerable interest (see, for example, Miller, 1964), but much remains to be learned about their distribution and natural history. The purposes of this note are to report new distributional data in Colorado for Thomomys bottae and Pappoge(mys c astanops and to document the second known instance of sympatry between those species. In summer of 1978, specimens of T. bottcle and P. ( astclnops were trapped on Mesa de Maya, a relatively large? isolated mesa in a sparsely populated region of southeastern Colorado, northeastern New Mexico? and the northwestern part of the panhandle of Oklahoma (see detailed description by Rogers, 1953). Neither species previously was known from the mesa although peripheral populations of both had been reported in Las Animas County, Colorado (Armstrong 1972: 150-152, 168), and Union Countyz New Mexico ( Findley et al . ? 1975: 147150, 154155)

Observations of Baetis bicaudatus and Rithrogena hageni in Coal Creek above and below the discharge of effluent from the Keystone Mine - K. Cook (1979)

The ecology and population genetics of an alpine checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas anicia - M. J. Cullenward; R. R. White; C. E. Holdren; P. R. Ehrlich (Oecologia, 1979)

Cannibalism among yellow-bellied marmots - D. W. Johns; Kenneth B. Armitage (Journal of Mammalogy, 1979)

Food selectivity by yellow-bellied marmots - Kenneth B. Armitage (Journal of Mammalogy, 1979)
Journal Article Food Selectivity by Yellow-Bellied Marmots Get access Kenneth B. Armitage Kenneth B. Armitage Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory and Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 60, Issue 3, 20 August 1979, Pages 628–629, https://doi.org/10.2307/1380107 Published: 20 August 1979 Article history Received: 23 May 1978 Accepted: 21 December 1978 Published: 20 August 1979

On the temperature-dependency of optimal nectar concentrations for birds - W. A. Calder (Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1979)
Hypothetically, flowers which have coevolved with pollination by hummingbirds could provide both energy and water balance simultaneously if they produced nectars of appropriate concentrations which depend upon environmental temperature.

Oviposition behavior and the existence of an oviposition-deterring pheromone in Hylemya - Marian A. Zimmerman (Environmental Entomology, 1979)

Observations on the behavioral ecology of the pika (Ochotona princeps) - L. McLamb (1979)

The role of chemotactile stimuli in the oviposition preferences of Colias butterflies - M. L. Stanton (Oecologia, 1979)
It is stressed that chemotactile cues are involved only in the final step of oviposition, and that understanding foodplant choice in nature will require in-depth investigation into the mechanics of individual search processes.

Colonization of leaf packets in beaver ponds - M. F. Mueller (1979)

Induction of morphological change in Daphnia in the presence of Chaoborus - B. Riddle (1979)

Observations of water mites of the genera Arrhenurus and Eylais - R. Raczkowski (1979)

Systems Theory and Ecology - John Harte (1979)

Optimal foraging in bumblebees: rule of movement between flowers within inflorescences - G. H. Pyke (Animal Behaviour, 1979)
It is hypothesized that nectar-collecting bumblebees will be found to forage in ways that maximize their net rate of energy intake, and the manner in which they move from one flower to another within inflorescence is focused on.

A review of the distribution, ecology and evolution of the North American species of Acroneuria and six related genera (Plecoptera: Perlidae) - B. L. Peckarsky (Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 1979)

A geographic analysis of quantitative morphological variation in the grasshopper Arphia conspersa - W. E. Schennum; R. L. Willey (Evolution, 1979)

Population structure of pierid butterflies. II. A "native" population of Colias philodice eriphyle in Colorado - D. Han; B. E. Tabashnik; W. B. Watt (Oecologia, 1979)

What squirrels do in the East River valley - S. Popper (1979)

Behavioral ecology of alpine yellow-bellied marmots - D. W. Johns; D. W. Johns; Kenneth B. Armitage (Behavioral Ecology, 1979)
Environmental parameters, population dynamics, resource utilization patterns, and social dynamics were evaluated in terms of their relationships to population density, intraspecific competition, parent—offspring relations, and male territoriality.

Developing best management practices for salinity control in Grand Valley, Colorado - Robert G. Evans; Gaylord V. Skogerboe; Wynn R. Walker (Water Resources Research, 1979)
The development of ‘best management practices’ (BMP) for controlling the salinity associated with irrigation return flows involves (1) delineation of the hydro‐salinity systems, (2) linkage of salinity impacts and irrigation practices, and (3) determining the least cost or most beneficial program for salinity management. The Grand Valley in western Colorado is one of the most significant contributors to the salinity problem in the Colorado River Basin and has been studied intensively to develop and apply the concepts of BMP. The hydro‐salinity system is described by research data collected over an 8‐year period. A mathematical simulation of the cost‐effectiveness relationships for various agricultural and desalination salinity control alternatives for reducing salt pickup by irrigation return flows was developed. Cost‐effectiveness functions developed from the model were then optimized using a least cost criterion to determine the most cost‐effective strategies for salinity control in

The effect of surface area to volume ratios on predation between the predator Mesostoma and the prey Daphnia - M. Arts (1979)

A survey of benthic species diversity along Coal Creek - C. Chang (1979)

Observations of the water strider in the lower kettle pond - K. Cook (1979)

Winter Survival of Culex Tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Hibernating in Mine Tunnels in Boulder County, Colorado, USA - Carl J. Mitchell (Journal of Medical Entomology, 1979)
Journal Article Winter Survival of Culex Tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Hibernating in Mine Tunnels in Boulder County, Colorado, USA Get access Carl J. Mitchell Carl J. Mitchell 1Vector-Borne Diseases Division, Bureau of Laboratories, Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 16, Issue 6, 18 December 1979, Pages 482–487, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/16.6.482 Published: 18 December 1979

The distribution of genetic variation in a social mammal, the yellow-bellied marmot - O. A. Schwartz (1979)

Observation of an aquatic organism (Dytiscid larvae) - S. Goodwin (1979)

A test of island biogeography theory using artificial substrate island in a montane stream - D. A. Samson (1979)

Determination of metal concentrations - G. P. Lockett (1979)

Factors influencing predation on corixids - L. Maxwell (1979)

Site quality of beaver - M. F. Mueller (1979)

Striking terror into ostracod hearts: feeding and other behaviors of adult Hydracarina in the kettle ponds - R. Raczkowski (1979)

Altitudinal variation of metabolic rates in Peromyscus maniculatus - R. E. Sears (1979)

Optimal foraging: a case for random movement - Marian A. Zimmerman (Oecologia, 1979)
It is shown that B. flavifrons is using the resource distribution to direct its movements, and a large percentage of all movements are to nearest neighbors with maximal foraging efficiency gained through minimization of flight distances.

Primary productivity of ponds - R. Raczkowski; C. King; M. F. Mueller; K. Cook (1979)

The effect of temperature on the activity of fairy shrimp - A. Hamilton (1979)

A few observations of a caddisfly larvae - L. Stone (1979)

A temperate region plant-ant-seed predator system: consequences of extra-floral nectar secretion by Helianthella quinquenervis - O. R. Taylor; David W. Inouye (Ecology, 1979)

Pollen dispersal and optimal outcrossing in Delphinium nelsoni - Mary V. Price; Nickolas M. Waser (Nature, 1979)
It is suggested that outbreeding depression will often occur on a much finer scale than previously recognised, especially in plants subject to restricted pollen and seed dispersal, and a short outcrossing distance is optimal for Delphinium nelsoni Greene.

Damselflies - a predator preference study - S. Goodwin (1979)

The anatomy of a beaver dam - C. L. Willard (1979)

Habitat preference in two sympatric shrews (Sorex cinereus and Sorex vagrans) - C. M. Ballou (1979)

Bedrock geology of western Taylor Park, Gunnison County, Colorado - Mark Hopkins Bailey (1979)

Progress report : Trickle Mountain research study [report no. 3] - Colorado State University. (1979)

Habitat ecology of elk herds in the Alkali Creek Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado - K. Crassweller; C. Hyde (1979)

The middens of Tamiasciurus hudsonicus: a study of the physical characteristics of twenty middens in the Gothic area - S. Goodwin (1979)

On the population biology of aphids - J. F. Addicott (American Naturalist, 1979)
Scent marking and piloerection behavior in social groups of the common marmoset Callithrixj.

Behavior of juvenile yellow-bellied marmots: play and social integration - S. Nowicki; Kenneth B. Armitage (Zeitschrift fr Tierpsychologie, 1979)